September 2011
The Rise and Fall of Al Qaeda
Lessons in Post-September 11 Transnational Terrorism
The actual leader of Al Qaeda Ayman al Zawahiri
Al Qaeda rose and fell between 1989 and 2011. Ten years after it conducted its most lethal operation in New York and Washington on 11 September 2001, it had mutated into a movement that no longer resembled what it started as. From a hierarchical and centralised group, led by the bicephalous leadership of Osama Bin Laden and Ayman al Dhawahiri, it had become a regionalised and decentralised organisation with several competing leaders following the death of Bin Laden in May 2011.
© 2011 Geneva Centre for Security Policy (GCSP)
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Author:
Mohammad-Mahmoud Ould Mohamedou
Editor:
Thierry Tardy
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Issue:
3
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